Numerical simulation of thermal management during natural convection in a porous triangular cavity containing air and hot obstacles

A numerical study is presented of laminar viscous magnetohydrodynamic natural convection flow in a triangular-shaped porous enclosure filled with electrically conducting air and containing two hot obstacles. The mathematical model formulated terms dimensional partial differential equations. pressure gradient term eliminated by using the vorticity–stream ( $$\omega - \psi$$ ) function approach. emerging dimensionless governing equations are employed regular finite difference scheme along thermofluidic boundary conditions. efficiency obtained computed results for isotherms streamlines validated via comparison previously published work. impact physical parameters on temperature contours an extensive range Rayleigh number (Ra = 103–105), Hartmann (Ha 5–30), Darcy parameter (Da 0.0001–0.1) fixed Prandtl (Pr 0.71) considered. Numerical also local average Nusselt numbers base wall. Interesting features thermofluid behaviour revealed. At lower number, generally parallel to inclined wall only distorted substantially near obstacles at left vertical adiabatic wall; however, increasing this distortion magnified core zone simultaneously warmer zones expand towards cold simulations relevant magnetic materials processing hybrid fuel cells.